All the data a processor needs to run an application or game is stored in RAM, which gives it quick access. Without enough RAM, a computer has to read that information from storage, which is significantly slower.
When this happens, the computer starts paging files to and from its hard drive, slowing everything down. This is why RAM is so important.
Memory Modules
Whether you’re an avid gamer, designer or business user, upgrading your PC’s memory can improve performance and enhance your computing experience. Before you start the upgrade process, ensure your new RAM modules are compatible with your motherboard using online memory compatibility tools.
DIMMs (dual in-line memory module) are a type of computer memory modular hardware consisting of multiple random access memory chips on a single printed circuit board. They connect to a motherboard’s data transfer hardware through double-sided pin connections. DIMMs are available in densities that run up to 64GB. They work with a dual-channel architecture that spreads out data patterns across multiple modules in alternating order, which reduces memory latency issues. A sub-category of DIMMs is registered DIMMs (RDIMMs), which are buffered and suited for systems that require robust stability. Load-reduced DIMMs (LR-DIMMs) are an additional buffered variant, reducing CPU strain and enabling higher speeds and capacities. A final type of DIMM is non-volatile DIMMs (NVDIMMs), which combine DRAM with a non-volatile storage device like NAND flash for data persistence in the absence of power.
Memory Density
Memory is where your computer keeps the data it’s working with, like the files and programs you open. To be efficient, your computer needs fast access to this data. This is what makes RAM so important.
The more programs you have open at once, the more RAM they use. If your computer starts to run out of space, it can slow down or crash. This happens because the programs get bumped out of RAM and have to be pulled back from storage or swap memory (a reserved area on your hard drive for memory that spills over from RAM).
To see how much memory is installed on your computer, click the Performance tab in Windows and look at the Memory graph. 8GB of RAM is a good amount for most general-use PCs, and 16GB is a great option for gaming or for people using demanding applications, such as video editing. Newer computers with high-end graphics cards may require 64GB or more of RAM to run smoothly.
Memory Speed
While the data rate or clock frequency of RAM has gotten faster as generations of technology come and go, the underlying latency is more important for performance. Computing devices typically display a set of numbers — formatted as 7-8-8-24 — that indicate the amount of time it takes for RAM to handle specific computing functions. This is known as CAS latency and is different from clock speed or bandwidth.
Faster CAS latency allows your CPU to get information into and out of RAM more quickly. This can improve the responsiveness of your system overall and give you a performance boost when gaming. However, you won’t see as dramatic an effect if you have other components that operate at slower speeds than your memory. Also, higher CAS latency does not always translate into higher clock speed, which is the number that appears on product flyers. This is because manufacturers often apply a profile over the default to increase speed, but that does not always work with all systems.
Memory Installation
Adding more RAM to your computer is an inexpensive way to enhance its performance. However, you should know that a significant boost in performance only occurs when other system bottlenecks are also addressed. Choosing the correct type and speed of RAM will ensure that it works well with your motherboard and processor.
During the installation process, follow all safety precautions to prevent damage to the components or to yourself. Generally, this includes working in a static-safe environment and wearing an ESD wrist strap to avoid electrostatic discharge. You should also power off your laptop or PC and disconnect all peripheral devices. Turn the system over and locate the RAM access panel, typically secured by screws or a removable cover.
Most large RAM makers, such as Crucial, Kingston and Corsair, offer product finders on their websites that can help you determine the type of RAM that is compatible with your specific motherboard. After the upgrade, check that the operating system recognizes the new RAM by using a built-in hardware diagnostic tool or checking in the system settings or information tools.