All the data that your computer’s processor needs for immediate access goes into RAM. The rest of the information gets saved on slower, long-term storage, such as a hard disk.
Upgrading your RAM capacity is a great way to improve PC performance. It can make almost as big of a difference as getting a new CPU!
What is RAM?
RAM, or random access memory, is hardware that stores the operating system, software programs and other data your computer is currently using so they can be quickly accessed by the processor. The more RAM your computer has, the more applications it can run at the same time without slowing down.
Unlike long-term storage like disks (HDDs or solid-state drives), RAM loses data if the computer is turned off or rebooted. This is because it’s designed for immediate, short-term use, similar to the way a desktop has a top shelf for papers and files that you’re working on.
RAM comes in multiple types and speeds, with most PCs running on DDR4 at 2,400MHz. However, hardcore gamers and demanding computer users may opt for higher clocked RAM at up to 4,800MHz from brands like G.Skill and Corsair. This faster speed helps minimize latency and improve performance. It also allows for higher resolutions and frames-per-second rates in video games.
How does RAM work?
Every memory cell in a RAM chip represents a single bit of data (see How Bits and Bytes Work for more information on bits). The memory cell contains a capacitor that holds a number of electrons. A memory bit is either a 0 or a 1. Control circuitry on the chip uses multiplexing and demultiplexing to select a set of memory cells to read and write to.
Computer operating systems load programs, applications, and other data into RAM for immediate processing. When a program finishes, the operating system converts the information back to long-term storage on the hard drive.
RAM chips used to be soldered into holes on a motherboard, but today most computers use standardized modules about the size of a stick of gum that plug into a memory slot on the motherboard. The modules are available in a variety of speeds, capacities and types, so you need to know which type your computer can use with its existing hardware to ensure compatibility.
How much RAM do I need?
The amount of computer memory you need depends on what you plan to use your machine for. For example, if you just want to respond to emails and watch videos, as little as 4 GB may be enough for your machine. But if you plan on using video editing software or playing resource-intensive games, you will need much more RAM.
8 GB of RAM is typically the minimum recommended for computers that need to perform everyday tasks, like browsing the web and working with standard Office programs. Light photo and video editing may also be possible with this amount of RAM.
For serious gaming, it is generally recommended to have 16GB or more of RAM. This will allow you to play demanding games at a high frame-per-second (FPS) rate and enable multiple applications to run simultaneously without slowing down performance. You will also need a lot more RAM if you plan on running video games that require VRAM, which is a special type of computer memory that stores graphics data and is located on the graphics card.
How do I install RAM?
Increasing your computer RAM is a fast, cheap and relatively easy way to improve its performance. If your PC is crashing frequently or running slow, it may be time to upgrade your memory.
You can install RAM yourself, but before you start, shut down the computer and unplug all the cables attached to it. It’s also a good idea to ground yourself (by touching an anti-static pad or wrist strap) to discharge any static charge.
Most desktop systems have removable cases, but some laptops are sealed and require a screwdriver to open. Remove the side panel to expose the motherboard, and locate the RAM slots near the CPU socket.
The RAM slots on a motherboard are not labeled, but they are usually identifiable by their shape and location. Most are DIMM slots, although high-end systems are beginning to use RIMM technology. Insert the new RAM module into its slot, making sure that the notch at one end lines up with the rise on the motherboard. Then, toggle the plastic retention clips at each end of the slot to secure it in place.