PC software is a set of instructions that run on a computer. It is used for various purposes, including displaying pictures and video, performing arithmetic operations and logic, and storing data. The code is either compiled or interpreted depending on the programming language used.
One example is the spreadsheet application VisiCalc, which drove Apple II sales and solidified the personal-computer market. Other examples include the one-hundred-dollar laptops developed by Nicholas Negroponte’s OLPC project.
Operating system
The operating system acts as a unified interface layer between programs and the physical computer hardware. It translates instructions written by the program developer into the commands that work with the hardware and also manages overall system resources like CPU, memory and disk storage, optimizing performance for maximum resource utilization.
The OS has drivers for hardware subsystems like disk storage, printers and network connections. These drivers are separate from the operating system, allowing changes to be made to them without requiring the entire operating system to be modified and recompiled.
The OS also enables multiple programs to run at the same time and handles basic input/output operations. In addition, the OS provides networking capabilities through the use of protocols and also manages the file system by organizing data into directories or folders along with assigning permissions for reading or writing files. It also performs error checking and correction. Finally, the OS provides utilities such as disk defragmentation software and antivirus software.
Application software
Application software represents dedicated computer programs that assist users with specific duties and specialized activities in the business, education, entertainment and other categories. These programs vary by industry and function yet prioritize automation, personalization and scalability.
Examples include graphics software like Adobe Photoshop, which helps users create and edit images and designs. Communication software includes platforms like Slack and Trello, which simplify task management and collaboration. Other application software functions as project management tools, ERP systems and CRM apps to streamline operations and customer engagement. While some may be able to live without them, others cannot.
Utility software focuses on keeping the system healthy. Examples include antivirus software to keep the system free from malware and disk defragmentation software to optimize files’ storage. Other utility software is often included in the operating system itself, such as a built-in calculator. Some utilities also act as drivers to control plugged-in hardware. For example, VLC media player acts as a basic video player but can also be used for editing and playback controls.
System software
System software provides a platform for application software to operate on and enables the essential functions of computer hardware. It includes device drivers, disk operating systems, utility software and more. These programs manage a wide variety of tasks, including file management and system performance.
For example, if an application needs processing power, the OS decides how much power it can use and whether it will impact other processes. It also keeps track of what’s happening and when. Other important system software features include a debugger, which helps developers remove errors from other programs.
The most common types of system software are the operating systems (like Microsoft Windows, Linux and macOS), graphical user interfaces (GUI) and command line interfaces. Most of the time, end-users don’t interact directly with these programs, but rather with the application software that runs on top of them. System software also supports a number of peripheral devices and features like memory management, allowing programs to share the same resources.
Hardware software
The hardware software includes the internal components that make your computer function, such as the central processing unit (CPU) and random access memory. It also includes input and output devices and the internal storage. These are essential pieces of equipment that connect and support your entire system. Without them, your computer would be an idle machine.
The software of your computer is code that runs in your device’s processor and creates programs. It is written in programming languages, such as Python or Java. These programs control your devices and perform different tasks. Some examples include word processors, media players, and games.
There are two primary categories of software: system and application. System software manages a device’s hardware and software resources, while application software performs specific tasks. Some examples of application software include word processors, media players, and database management systems. Some manufacturers use the line between firmware and software somewhat loosely. For example, they might consider the BIOS to be firmware, while everything else—including Windows and apps like Google Chrome or MS Office—to be software.